October 17, 2001—In response to the threat of biological terrorist attacks against the United States, BBJ Environmental Solutions—a company that manufactures disinfectants, cleaning, and anti-microbial products for HVAC and refrigeration systems—recently issued a detailed statement for protecting such systems:
“The first line of protection,” the company said, “is building security.” Since a release into the actual air-handling equipment would be much more efficient, equipment rooms must be kept secured. Good general security for visitors as well as building occupants is essential. Persons assigned to maintain these systems should be made known to the security personnel, and maintenance should be scheduled and documented. Many outside air intakes are not readily accessible and, therefore, are less likely to a direct release. Where such intakes are at ground level, consideration should be given to securing these or providing surveillance. Persons loitering near inlets should be removed or carefully watched.
“Even if a direct release were made into the air inlet to a building, a properly designed system configuration would provide some protection. In such a system, air is filtered prior to being released into the building air stream. The most efficient filters should be installed and maintained properly. Although small particles such as viruses and many bacteria will pass through even the most efficient filters, many will be removed. Of course, the best protection would be to install a rapid detection system.
“It is important to routinely clean and maintain the HVAC system to prevent the buildup of organic material on the cooling coils and other moist areas of the system. If a small concentration of bacteria managed to reach this area, they can feed on the organic material and amplify to a greater concentration.
“If building managers suspect there has been a general release of biological material, they should stop movement of people to and from the building. Then stop all airflow—shut off fans and blowers, air intakes, if possible, and close off all outside openings. Occupants should put a wet scarf or cloth over their mouths and noses and exit the building as soon as possible. Medical assistance should be called at once to assist those who may have been infected. Following the initial release of infective agents, the main risk will be exposure to infected persons. Controlling contact with other persons can limit spread of disease.
“Immediately notify the local emergency management team, as it is the group responsible for these types of incidents, as well as contact the proper local and federal authorities. The Center for Disease Control should be contacted, as it is the central repository for information about biological agents and can provide assistance with the diagnosis, treatment and control of these dangerous organisms. After the building has been evacuated, all surfaces should be disinfected including those inside the HVAC system.
For more information, contact BBJ Environmental Solutions.
